109. IELTS Minh Huong Vocabulary booster (Cambridge 15, test 1, reading 1)

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What does the term "former" refer to?

Previous, past, earlier, prior

What is the meaning of "latter"?

Last, later, final

How is the term "prized" defined?

Extremely important or valuable to someone

What does "costly" mean?

Expensive, high, exorbitant

What is an "ingredient"?

Element, component, part, item, thing

Define "cuisine".

Food, cooking

What time period does the term "middle ages" refer to?

The period in European history between about 1100 and 1500 AD

What is meant by "flavouring"?

A substance used to give something a particular flavour or increase its flavour

What does "medicinal" mean?

Used for treating medical problems

Define "preservative".

Conserving, preserving, protective

What is an "agent"?

A chemical or substance that is used for a particular purpose or that has a particular effect

What does "exclusive" mean?

Sole, limited

What is the definition of "commodity"?

Product, goods

What does "dominance of" imply?

Supremacy, domination, control, power, ascendancy

What is a synonym for "reach"?

Arrive, go, move

What does it mean to "exploit"?

Use, utilize, make use of, take advantage of

What is the meaning of "precious"?

Valuable, treasurable, priceless

Define "resource".

Source, reserve, supply

What does it mean to be "in danger of (doing) something"?

Risk, threat, hazard, endangerment

What does it mean to "subcontract sth to sb"?

To pay other people to do part of their work for them

What is the definition of "distribution"?

Supply, spreading, delivery

What is a synonym for "trader"?

Dealer, merchant, seller

What does "flow into sth" mean?

Run, pour, flood

Who is an "importer"?

A person, company, or country that buys goods from other countries so they can be sold in their own country

What is the definition of a "merchant"?

Wholesaler, trader, dealer

What does it mean to "be based in something"?

To have your main place of work, business etc. in a particular place

What does it mean to "reveal"?

Tell, expose, disclose

What is a "commodity"?

Product, goods

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Description

Explore essential vocabulary related to trade, cuisine, and historical contexts. Learn about terms like "former," "prized," and "exclusive," and their significance in understanding commodities and culinary practices.

Questions

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1. What is the meaning of the word 'former'?

A previous, past, earlier, prior B last, later, final C extremely important or valuable D expensive, high, exorbitant

2. Which term is synonymous with 'costly'?

A food, cooking B element, component, part C expensive, high, exorbitant D previous, past, earlier

3. What is the primary use of a flavouring?

A To act as a protective agent B To give something a particular flavour or increase its flavour C To preserve food D To treat medical problems

4. In what context is the term 'medicinal' used?

A For preserving food B For exclusive use C For enhancing flavour D For treating medical problems

5. What does a preservative primarily do?

A Treats medical problems B Acts as an agent C Conserves and protects D Enhances flavour

6. What is an agent in the context of chemistry?

A A sole entity B A flavour enhancer C A medicinal product D A chemical or substance used for a particular purpose or effect

7. What does 'exclusive' imply in terms of availability?

A Flavor enhancing B Sole, limited C Medicinally used D Widely available

8. What does the term 'merchant' refer to?

A An individual who exclusively imports goods. B Wholesaler, trader, dealer. C A person who only buys goods for personal use. D A company that provides financial services.

9. What does it mean to be based in something?

A To travel frequently for work. B To operate in multiple countries simultaneously. C To have your main place of work, business etc in a particular place. D To have no fixed location for business.

10. What period does 'middle ages' refer to?

A element, component, part B the period in European history between about 1100 and 1500 ad C extremely important or valuable D food, cooking

11. What is the role of an importer?

A A company that manufactures goods. B A trader who exports goods to other countries. C A person who only sells goods locally. D A person, company, or country that buys goods from other countries to sell in their own country.

12. What is the meaning of 'dominance'?

A indifference, neutrality, apathy B supremacy, domination, control, power, ascendancy C weakness, frailty, impotence D submission, compliance, obedience

13. What does 'reach' imply in terms of movement?

A retreat, withdraw, backtrack B arrive, go, move C depart, leave, exit D stay, remain, pause

14. How can 'exploit' be defined in terms of usage?

A ignore, neglect, overlook B abandon, forsake, desert C waste, squander, misuse D use, utilize, make use of, take advantage of

15. What is the opposite of 'precious'?

A expensive B worthless C unique D rare

16. What does 'resource' refer to in terms of supply?

A danger, risk, threat B source, reserve, supply C obstacle, hindrance, barrier D waste, excess, surplus

17. What does 'cuisine' refer to?

A food, cooking B extremely important or valuable C expensive, high, exorbitant D the period in European history between about 1100 and 1500 ad

18. What is the definition of 'prized'?

A extremely important or valuable to someone B food, cooking C previous, past, earlier D the period in European history between about 1100 and 1500 ad

19. What is the opposite of 'reveal'?

A Uncover. B Disclose. C Conceal. D Expose.

20. What is a commodity?

A A unique product with no substitutes. B A service provided by a company. C Product, goods. D An exclusive item with limited availability.

21. What does it mean to subcontract work to someone?

A To hire full-time employees for a project. B To pay others to do part of the work for a company. C To merge with another company. D To sell products to another company.

22. What is the primary function of distribution in business?

A Marketing, advertising, promoting. B Supply, spreading, delivery. C Manufacturing, production, creation. D Designing, planning, strategizing.

23. Who is typically involved in trading activities?

A Designer, planner, strategist. B Dealer, merchant, seller. C Manufacturer, producer, creator. D Consumer, buyer, customer.

24. What does the phrase 'flow into something' imply?

A Divide, separate, split. B Create, build, construct. C Run, pour, flood. D Stop, halt, cease.

25. What is a synonym for 'trader'?

A Manufacturer, producer, creator. B Dealer, merchant, seller. C Consumer, buyer, customer. D Designer, planner, strategist.

Study Notes

Vocabulary and Historical Context in Culinary and Economic Terms

This document explores key vocabulary definitions, historical contexts, and culinary terms, emphasizing their significance in understanding language, history, and food practices. It also highlights the importance of resource management and trading dynamics in economic contexts.

Vocabulary Definitions

Key Terms: Definitions of terms such as "exclusive," "importer," "merchant," and "commodity" clarify their meanings in various contexts, particularly in trade and economics.
Culinary Terms: Words like "ingredient," "cuisine," and "flavouring" are essential for discussing food preparation and enhancing culinary experiences.

Historical Context

Middle Ages: This period (approximately 1100 to 1500 AD) was pivotal in European history, marked by feudalism, the rise of kingdoms, and the Church's influence on culture and society.
Medicinal Uses: Many natural ingredients used in cooking have historical significance for their healing properties, reflecting the intertwined nature of culinary practices and health.

Resource Management and Economic Dynamics

Resource Management: Effective management of resources is crucial to prevent depletion and ensure sustainability. This includes understanding the value of resources and the risks they face.
Subcontracting and Distribution: Companies often subcontract specialized tasks to enhance efficiency, while effective distribution systems are vital for delivering goods to consumers.
Trading Dynamics: Traders facilitate the exchange of goods, playing a key role in the economy. Understanding how resources flow into markets helps businesses optimize operations.

Key Takeaways

Vocabulary related to culinary and economic contexts enhances understanding of language and its applications.
The Middle Ages significantly influenced European culture, society, and culinary practices.
Effective resource management and trading dynamics are essential for sustainability and economic efficiency.