Understanding Computer Networks: Principles and Components
Boulogne Vinguyen
What is the primary function of a router in a network?
To orient messages transiting on a network.
What distinguishes a wireless router from other types of routers?
It is often present in home networks.
What does the term "nuage" represent in networking?
A group of network devices.
What are the types of wired connections mentioned?
Cable straight, crossed, telephone, serial, bus.
What are examples of wireless connections?
Wifi, GSM, Bluetooth.
What are the types of optical connections mentioned?
Monomode and multimode fiber.
What is the standard protocol suite used in modern networks?
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
What must happen to all types of messages before they are sent over a network?
They must be converted into bits.
What are some high-level services that rely on standardized protocols?
World Wide Web, email services, instant messaging, IP telephony.
What is a bus network?
A bus network is an architecture of communication where the connection of devices is ensured by a shared bus used by all users.
What are the advantages of a bus network?
The advantages of a bus network include easy implementation and extension, suitability for temporary networks, and low installation costs.
What are the disadvantages of a bus network?
The disadvantages of a bus network include limited cable length and a restricted number of stations.
What are terminal devices in a network?
Terminal devices include servers, computers, and printers.
What happens if the hub in a hierarchical network is defective?
If the hub in a hierarchical network is defective, the entire network will be down.
Why might hierarchical networks be more expensive than bus networks?
Hierarchical networks might be more expensive than bus networks due to the cost of purchasing hubs and additional cables for each node.
What is a bus de terrain in networking?
A bus de terrain is a type of network used to interconnect sensors, actuators, and industrial controllers within a specific area.
What does LAN stand for in networking?
LAN stands for Local Area Network.
What is the primary characteristic of a MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)?
A MAN interconnects several LANs within a geographically close area.
What is the defining feature of a WAN (Wide Area Network)?
A WAN interconnects multiple LANs or MANs over very large distances.
Which technologies are commonly used in LANs?
Technologies commonly used in LANs include Ethernet, WiFi, Token Ring, and FDDI.
What are some technologies used in MANs?
Technologies used in MANs include FDDI, ATM, SDH, and IoT.
What technologies are typically used in WANs?
Technologies typically used in WANs include SDH, SONET, and WDM.
What does OUI stand for in networking?
Organizationally Unique Identifier
Who assigns the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)?
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
How many bits are used for the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)?
24 bits
What is the purpose of the last three octets in a MAC address?
To provide a unique identifier for each device
What does a '0' in the first bit of a MAC address signify?
Unicast
What does a '1' in the first bit of a MAC address signify?
Multicast
What does a '0' in the second bit of a MAC address indicate about its uniqueness?
Globally unique (OUI enforced)
What does a '1' in the second bit of a MAC address indicate about its administration?
Locally administered
What is the concept of a network in computing?
A network in computing is the idea of connecting computers to communicate with each other.
What is Simplex communication?
Simplex communication is when the exchange occurs in only one direction.
What is Half Duplex communication?
Half Duplex communication allows elements to alternately act as both emitter and receiver.
What is Full Duplex communication?
Full Duplex communication allows simultaneous bidirectional data exchange.
What are the main components of a network?
The main components of a network are devices, media, and services connected by rules.
What is the role of a switch in a network?
A switch is used to interconnect local networks.
What function does a firewall serve in a network?
A firewall ensures the security of the network.
What is the purpose of a router in a network?
A router directs messages traveling across a network.
What distinguishes a wireless router from other routers?
A wireless router is often used in home networks to provide wireless connectivity.
What is the term used to describe the way machines are interconnected in a network?
Topology
What is a star network topology?
A network configuration where all devices are connected to a central node.
What role does a switch play in a star topology network?
It interconnects all hosts and directs data only to the intended recipient.
What type of cable is typically used to connect nodes in a star topology?
Twisted pair cables
What are some advantages of using a star topology?
Easy addition of devices, easy fault localization, and network resilience.
What is the function of a hub in a star topology?
It acts as a central point that broadcasts data to all connected devices.
What is the description of the Ethernet connection mentioned in the content?
Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (6) I219-LM
What is the physical address of the Ethernet connection?
34-48-ED-01-14-DO
Is DHCP enabled for the Ethernet connection?
Yes
What is the preferred IPv4 address for the Ethernet connection?
192.168.1.13
What is the subnet mask associated with the IPv4 address?
255.255.255.0
What is the default gateway for the Ethernet connection?
fe80::7a81:2ff:fe2f:b2f2%11
What is the DHCP server address for the Ethernet connection?
192.168.1.1
What is the structure of a MAC address?
A MAC address consists of six pairs of hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens or colons.
What can happen if a cable is cut in a network?
It can interrupt the network.
What is a potential long-term issue with network maintenance?
The costs can be significant.
How does adding more stations affect network performance?
It degrades the performance.
What is a security concern with data on a bus network?
Low data security, as all stations can read transmitted data.
How are machines connected in a ring network?
In a closed loop where each machine is connected to the next.
What is the role of a Multistation Access Unit (MAU) in a ring topology?
It manages communication between computers by allocating speaking time.
What method does a ring network use for data access?
Token ring method.
Why is a ring topology considered an "active topology"?
Because each machine intercepts and regenerates the electrical signal.
What is an advantage of using a ring topology regarding cabling?
It requires less cable.
How does a ring topology handle network collisions?
It uses a simple protocol that avoids collision management.
What is the bandwidth utilization rate in a ring topology?
It is optimal, close to 90%.
How does a ring topology perform under heavy network load compared to a bus topology?
It performs better.
What is an ease-of-use advantage of installing or reconfiguring a ring topology?
It is easy to install and reconfigure by moving only two connections.
What happens if an active entity is removed or fails in a ring network?
It paralyzes the network traffic.
How does the number of nodes affect communication delay in a ring network?
The delay is directly proportional to the number of nodes.
What is a mesh network topology?
A mesh network topology is a network structure where all hosts are connected peer-to-peer without a central hierarchy.
How does a mesh network ensure data transfer in case of a node failure?
It uses multiple paths for data transfer between nodes.
What is the primary advantage of using a mesh network topology for the Internet?
It guarantees stability in case of a node failure.
What characterizes a tree network topology?
A tree network topology is a hierarchical structure composed of star networks arranged in levels.
What happens in a tree network if a link connecting a branch fails?
The branch becomes isolated from the rest of the network.
What is an address MAC in networking?
An address MAC is a unique identifier assigned to a device's network interface during manufacturing.
How is a MAC address typically represented?
It is represented as a sequence of six octets in hexadecimal format.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of computer networks, including communication types, network elements, and the TCP/IP protocol. Learn how devices connect and communicate effectively in today's interconnected world.
Questions
Download Questions1. A full duplex communication allows data exchange in both directions simultaneously.
2. TCP/IP is only used in private networks and not on the Internet.
3. In a star topology, all nodes are connected to a central node like a switch or hub.
4. Messages must be converted into binary bits before being transmitted over a network.
5. The protocol that defines the rules of format, addressing, and routing in networks is called ____.
6. An address IPV4 is represented in decimal notation by groups of 8 bits separated by ____.
7. In a network, messages must be converted into ____ before being transmitted.
8. The cable that connects machines to a switch and consists of 4 pairs of twisted wires is called ____.
9. A wireless router is a type of router often found in ____ networks.
10. An IPv6 address is represented using ____ notation.
Study Notes
Overview of Computer Networks and Communication Technologies
Computer networks have evolved from simple connections between two computers to complex global systems, driven by the convergence of communication technologies. This evolution has resulted in a unified global network that facilitates worldwide communication and information exchange.
Evolution and Convergence of Networks
- Evolution of Networks: Networks have transformed from basic connections to sophisticated systems that integrate various communication technologies.
- Technological Convergence: Advancements have unified different communication services, allowing them to operate on a single network.
- Global Connectivity: The integration of disparate networks into a single global network enhances worldwide communication and information exchange.
Communication Modes and Network Types
- Communication Modes: Networks support Simplex, Half Duplex, and Full Duplex modes, each suited to specific applications.
- Network Types: Networks are categorized into LAN, MAN, WAN, and specialized types like Fieldbus, each with unique characteristics and uses.
Network Devices and Protocols
- Network Devices: Key components include routers, switches, and firewalls, which manage data flow and ensure security.
- TCP/IP Protocol: This standard protocol suite is essential for network communication, ensuring messages are formatted, addressed, and routed correctly.
Network Topologies and Structures
- Physical and Logical Topologies: Understanding both is crucial for effective network design and troubleshooting.
- Star and Mesh Topologies: Star topology is common in Ethernet networks, while mesh topology offers resilience by avoiding single points of failure.
Key Takeaways
- Unified Communication: The convergence of technologies has led to a unified global network, enhancing connectivity and communication efficiency.
- Diverse Network Types: Understanding different network types and their applications is essential for effective network design and implementation.
- Importance of Protocols: Standardized protocols like TCP/IP are vital for ensuring reliable and consistent communication across networks.